ABOVE: These illustrations from an 1870 issue of Harper’s Weekly show the process of animal vaccinations, including a depiction of inoculations being given at the Imperial Academy of Medicine in Paris. Each cow was carefully selected for its health. Once the animal was laid on the table, the physicians shaved the soft hairs around the udder, cleaned the area, and then made as many as 40 incisions to obtain pus for their human patients.
HATHITRUST, HARPER’S WEEKLY, 14:269, 1870
With a “fine physique” and an “excellent voice,” Henry Austin Martin was “in the literature of medicine . . . a master, [who] never wearied in the study of history,” and possessed “one of the most valuable medical libraries in Boston”—especially on the subject of vaccination, according to his 1885 obituary in JAMA. In 1870, the then 46-year-old physician had launched a crusade advocating the benefits of bovine vaccination, or “true animal ...
