How SARS-CoV-2 Tests Work and What’s Next in COVID-19 Diagnostics

Current methods to detect infections of the novel coronavirus rely on identifying particular genetic sequences, but new assays are being developed to meet the growing demand for rapid answers.

Written byBianca Nogrady
| 6 min read
coronavirus covid-19 sars-cov-2 test diagnostic real-time pcr viral envelope e protein genome

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The quick sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and distribution of the data early on in the COVID-19 outbreak has enabled the development of a variety of assays to diagnose patients based on snippets of the virus’s genetic code. But as the number of potential cases increases, and concerns rise about the possibility of a global pandemic, the pressure is on to enable even faster, more-accessible testing.

Current testing methods are considered accurate, but governments have restricted testing to central health agencies or a few accredited laboratories, limiting the ability to rapidly diagnose new cases, says epidemiologist and immunologist Michael Mina, the director of the pathology laboratory and molecular diagnostics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. These circumstances are driving a commercial race to develop new COVID-19 tests that can be deployed within hospitals and clinics to provide diagnostic answers in short order.

Globally, nearly 89,000 ...

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    Bianca Nogrady is a freelance science journalist and author who is yet to meet a piece of research she doesn't find fascinating. In addition to The Scientist, her words have appeared in outlets including Nature, The Atlantic, Wired UK, The Guardian, Undark, MIT Technology Review, and the BMJ. She is also author of Climate Change: How We Can Get To Carbon Zero, The End: The Human Experience Of Death, editor of the 2019 and 2015 Best Australian Science Writing anthologies, and coauthor of The Sixth Wave: How To Succeed In A Resource-Limited World. She is based in Sydney, Australia.

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