Identity Crisis, 1906

A famous account of multiple personality disorder in the early 20th century foreshadowed a century of controversial diagnoses and debate among psychiatrists.

Written byCatherine Offord
| 4 min read

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ABOVE: Clara Norton Fowler (pseudonym: Christine Beauchamp) was treated by Morton Prince at the turn of the 20th century. Prince identified several personalities in Beauchamp over the years, but was particularly fascinated by “Sally,” whose writing is shown here, and whom he describes as “mischievous,” “impish,” and “by all odds the most interesting of the personalities.”
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When the American physician Morton Prince met 23-year-old Clara Norton Fowler in early 1898, he concluded he was dealing with a “hysteric.” Fowler, whom Prince referred to by the pseudonym Christine Beauchamp in his notes, was suffering from insomnia, headaches, fatigue, and general agitation. Prince took her on as a patient for treatment by hypnosis.

In a session with her not long after that, however, Prince got the impression that he was speaking with someone else. “This character at first appeared to be a second hypnotic state, but later proved a veritable personality, with ...

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Meet the Author

  • After undergraduate research with spiders at the University of Oxford and graduate research with ants at Princeton University, Catherine left arthropods and academia to become a science journalist. She has worked in various guises at The Scientist since 2016. As Senior Editor, she wrote articles for the online and print publications, and edited the magazine’s Notebook, Careers, and Bio Business sections. She reports on subjects ranging from cellular and molecular biology to research misconduct and science policy. Find more of her work at her website.

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