Opinion: AI Could Aid Cancer Diagnosis, but Caution Is Needed

While machine learning could improve detection of tumors at their earliest stages, it also risks identifying malignancies that would never cause the patient any harm.

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Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize healthcare. Machine learning (ML), a form of AI that uses algorithms to simulate aspects of human decision making, has gained a lot of attention in recent years. While the potential application of ML to healthcare is broad, many recent breakthroughs have been in the realm of image-driven diagnostics.

The diagnosis of cancer, particularly solid tumors, relies heavily on the visual interpretation of histologic slides by pathologists who use their experience in pattern recognition to render a diagnosis. This is a difficult and time-consuming skill for humans to master, but an ideal task for ML technology, which can use thousands to millions of images to train algorithms in a relatively short period of time. Given the ability to “learn” from large amounts of data, ML-powered systems hold promise for delivering faster and more-consistent cancer ...

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