Four glass vials sit on a reflective tabletop next to a syringe. Each is labeled as a subsequent dose in a four-dose series of COVID-19 vaccines.
What We Know About Getting a Second Booster Shot of COVID-19 Vaccines
Studies show that a fourth mRNA vaccine dose offers the elderly and other high-risk groups strong protection against hospitalization and death from COVID-19, but experts say benefits for other populations may be more limited.
What We Know About Getting a Second Booster Shot of COVID-19 Vaccines
What We Know About Getting a Second Booster Shot of COVID-19 Vaccines

Studies show that a fourth mRNA vaccine dose offers the elderly and other high-risk groups strong protection against hospitalization and death from COVID-19, but experts say benefits for other populations may be more limited.

Studies show that a fourth mRNA vaccine dose offers the elderly and other high-risk groups strong protection against hospitalization and death from COVID-19, but experts say benefits for other populations may be more limited.

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mRNA vaccine
Learn how vaccines are produced by IVT RNA technology
mRNA Vaccines: The Future of Medicine
Agilent | Jul 12, 2022
How researchers develop mRNA vaccines in record time.
3d render illustration of Single strand ribonucleic acid.
Message in a Bottle: Developing mRNA Therapeutics
The Scientist Creative Services Team and Mirus Bio | Jul 11, 2022
A high efficiency, low toxicity method for direct RNA delivery into cells.
Brick building with tall windows and white letters out front that say "Food and Drug Administration"
FDA Limits Use of J&J Vaccine, Citing Safety Concerns
Natalia Mesa | May 6, 2022
US adults are now only eligible for the vaccine under certain circumstances.
A masked doctor in a white coat and blue gloves administers a vaccine into the arm of a masked child.
Pfizer Vaccine Less Protective for Younger Kids: Preprint
Dan Robitzski | Feb 28, 2022
The vaccine’s effectiveness in children ages 5 to 11 rapidly declined over the course of a month, according to new research that looked at the health outcomes of hundreds of thousands of children in New York during the Omicron surge.
EXCLUSIVE
Stethoscope on top of form and clipboard
Robert Malone Targets Physician Who Alerted Medical Board to Misinformation
Catherine Offord | Feb 19, 2022
A Hawaii hospital worker who reported the controversial scientist to the Maryland Board of Physicians was subjected to harassment and a retaliatory complaint after Malone made his name and location public.
People waiting in line for COVID Vaccine
CDC: COVID-19 Booster Effectiveness Wanes After Four Months
Natalia Mesa | Feb 14, 2022

The agency also finds that third shots prevented hospitalizations during the Omicron wave.


knitted pink heart with a mended hole
CAR T Cells Mend Broken Mouse Hearts
Sophie Fessl | Jan 6, 2022
Specialized immune cells generated in vivo reduce cardiac scar tissue in mice, a new study shows.
Antibodies in breastmilk from SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccination neutralize the virus.
Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk Differ Between Vaccinated and Infected Mothers
Roni Dengler, PhD | Dec 6, 2021
All antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 found in breast milk neutralized the virus.
black-legged deer tick waits on leaf for host to feed on
A Lab-Stage mRNA Vaccine Targeting Ticks May Offer Protection Against Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases
Andaleeb Sajid | Nov 18, 2021
NIH researcher Andaleeb Sajid discusses her study’s finding that ticks were unable to feed on vaccinated guinea pigs, preventing transmission of the pathogen that causes Lyme disease.
istock image 800x560
Can mRNA Vaccine Momentum Propel Tumor Immunotherapies?
Aparna Nathan | Nov 12, 2021
A guide to mRNA-based cancer vaccines and where they’re headed next
cartoon image showing colorful collection of syringes, coronavirus particles, and mrna to represent the vaccine development
Optogenetics and mRNA Vaccines Net Lasker Awards
Annie Melchor | Sep 24, 2021
This year’s winners are Dieter Oesterhelt, Peter Hegemann, Karl Deisseroth, Drew Weissman, Katalin Karikó, and David Baltimore.
moderna and pfizer vaccine vials
Moderna vs. Pfizer: Is There a “Best” mRNA Vaccine?
Alejandra Manjarrez | Sep 24, 2021
Both of the mRNA vaccines available in the US are highly effective against severe COVID-19, but recent studies suggest that Moderna’s elicits a stronger immune response and might be better at preventing breakthrough infections.  
Discover breakthroughs in mRNA vaccine development
Accelerating Drug Discovery: Focus on Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
Thermo Fisher Scientific | Sep 2, 2021
Researchers develop strategies to prevent and treat diseases with nucleic acid therapies.
photograph of a syringe and vial of colorless liquid
FDA Approves Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine
Annie Melchor | Aug 23, 2021
The milestone marks the first fully-approved COVID-19 vaccine in the United States.
cartoon of a scientist holding a magnifying glass up to test tubes of blood
How the Second mRNA Vaccine Bolsters Immunity
Annie Melchor | Jul 23, 2021
A study looks beyond T and B cell responses to show how the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine elicits a strong innate immune response.
Illustration of the BCG vaccine and resulting immune response
Infographic: TB Vaccines in the Pipeline Take Varied Approaches
Anthony King | Jul 1, 2021
More than a dozen vaccines for tuberculosis are currently being tested in clinical trials. Some use whole bacteria as BCG does, while others deliver protein subunits or genetic material carried by viral vectors.  
False-colored micrograph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis: The Forgotten Pandemic
Anthony King | Jul 1, 2021
This month marks the 100-year anniversary of BCG, still the only approved vaccine against the lethal pathogen. But there are new vaccines for this wily foe on the horizon.
Woman holding a CDC COVID-19 vaccination card with both hands.
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Appear Effective Against Multiple Variants
Lisa Winter | May 6, 2021
Data from three studies indicate that fully vaccinated patients are able to stave off severe disease from the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 variants.