Driven to Extinction

The eradication of smallpox set the standard for the global elimination of a devastating infectious disease. Will the ongoing polio and guinea worm campaigns be as successful?

Written byJef Akst
| 13 min read

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EXTENDING THE REACH: A health worker administers polio vaccine to a child while her sisters watch, during a Polio National Immunization Day in Karachi, Pakistan. © END POLIO PAKISTAN/SAD SAIDI. WWW.ENDPOLIO.COM.PK

In the spring of 2000, Stephen Cochi, then-director of the Global Immunization Division at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), stood in the town of Torkham on the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan, watching thousands of Afghans exit their country through the storied Khyber Pass. They were fleeing for their lives from the violence that had become a regular occurrence as Afghanistan entered its fifth year of civil war against the then-ruling Taliban. But Cochi and his colleagues from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan’s Federal Ministry of Health saw another opportunity to save lives. As the families crossed into Pakistan on their way to the city of Peshawar, public-health workers escorted any groups that included children who looked to be ...

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Meet the Author

  • Jef (an unusual nickname for Jennifer) got her master’s degree from Indiana University in April 2009 studying the mating behavior of seahorses. After four years of diving off the Gulf Coast of Tampa and performing behavioral experiments at the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, she left research to pursue a career in science writing. As The Scientist's managing editor, Jef edited features and oversaw the production of the TS Digest and quarterly print magazine. In 2022, her feature on uterus transplantation earned first place in the trade category of the Awards for Excellence in Health Care Journalism. She is a member of the National Association of Science Writers.

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