New DREADDs achieves bidirectional control of a neuron by introducing a receptor protein and matching chemical for increasing neuronal activity (red) and another set for reducing activity (blue). BRYAN ROTH, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINAA novel chemical tool allows researchers to turn neurons on and off in live mice, with effects that last up to an hour—far longer than the milliseconds of activity elicited by optogenetics technologies. A team from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (UNC), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) used the new technique to control the hunger and activity levels of mice. The results were published last week (April 30) in Neuron.
“This new chemogenetic tool will show us how brain circuits can be more effectively targeted to treat human disease,” coauthor Bryan Roth of the UNC School of Medicine said in a statement. “The problem facing medical science is that although most approved drugs target these brain receptors, it remains unclear how to selectively modulate specific kinds of receptors to effectively treat disease.”
The technique involves genetically altering neurons to carry “designer receptors exclusively activated by a designer drug,” or DREADDs, which fire in response to certain synthetic chemicals, then providing those molecules when neural activity in the region is desired. While DREADDs have been around for the better part of a decade, typically an individual neuron would carry just one receptor type, allowing it to ...
