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The Energetic Cost of Chewing May Have Shaped Hominin Evolution

The simple act of chewing gum can raise the body’s metabolic rate by as much as 15 percent, a study finds.

Written byNatalia Mesa, PhD
| 4 min read
Woman with buns and blue sweater chewing gum, smiling, and stretching pink gum out of her mouth. 
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Back before the advent of cooking, our early hominid ancestors probably spent a lot of time chewing. And according to a new study published today (August 17) in Science Advances, they likely expended copious amounts of energy doing so. So much energy, in fact, that it may have shaped the evolution of the early human musculoskeletal system, scientists say.

The study doesn’t delve into the fossil record. Instead, researchers carefully measured how much energy humans burn by chewing, finding that chewing an odorless, tasteless gum elevates the body’s metabolic rate by 10 to 15 percent above baseline.

“As far as I know, this is the first study that’s ever looked at the energetics of chewing,” says Peter Lucas, an anthropologist at The George Washington University who was not involved in the study but gave feedback to the authors on an earlier draft of the manuscript. “And it really needs to ...

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Meet the Author

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    As she was completing her graduate thesis on the neuroscience of vision, Natalia found that she loved to talk to other people about how science impacts them. This passion led Natalia to take up writing and science communication, and she has contributed to outlets including Scientific American and the Broad Institute. Natalia completed her PhD in neuroscience at the University of Washington and graduated from Cornell University with a bachelor’s degree in biological sciences. She was previously an intern at The Scientist, and currently freelances from her home in Seattle. 

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