The plasticity of neuronal synapses—that is, the dynamic relationship between two neurons in the brain as one sends signals to another—ultimately underlies cognition, learning, and memory. The increase in synaptic strength following a burst of stimulation, dubbed post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), is driven by an increase in the amount of neurotransmitter ready to be released from the presynaptic side, and it’s the most important form of plasticity in so-called mossy fiber synapses in the hippocampus. A new study finds this potentiation can be regulated by the postsynaptic cell by sending the neurotransmitter glutamate back to the presynaptic side—a form of retrograde signaling that neuroscientists hadn’t anticipated existed in this synapse.

See the full story, “Hippocampal Cell Communication Is Bidirectional: Study


BACK TALK: Communication across synapses is generally thought of as one way: neurotransmitters leave the presynaptic terminal (left-hand cell in each panel) and bind to receptors on the...


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panel depicting mossy fiber synapses and glutamate signaling dynamics

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